Artificial General Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (Quantum Tech.)

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and quantum technologies are beginning to shape howcountries design digital infrastructure, critical services and long-term security. However,technical work on models and architectures often evolves separately from national strategieson resilience, governance and capability building. This chapter brings these perspectives intoa single structured view. We first position AGI within the evolution of artificial intelligence andexplain how it differs from narrow, generative and agentic systems. The chapter groups AGIrequirements into core capability areas and summarises the main architecture families thatare emerging across model-centric, agentic, predictive, knowledge-integrated and system-integrated designs, together with current approaches to safety and evaluation. The secondsection focuses on emerging technologies that support AGI in practice. On the classical side, itdescribes computing and acceleration platforms, communication and 6G networks, digitaltwins, data and knowledge systems, and security foundations. On the quantum side, it explainshow quantum computing and optimisation, quantum communication, quantum-enhancedsimulation and quantum-safe security can strengthen optimisation, coordination, modellingand long-term protection for AGI-scale systems. Together, they show how AGI systems aretrained, connected and protected in real environments. Building on this structure, the thirdsection organises national AGI and quantum strategies into three layers: mission domains thatguide where AGI creates public value, capability pillars that define the required technicalfoundations, and governance themes that link these technologies to safety and strategicreadiness. Overall, the chapter provides a shared structure for researchers, engineers andpolicymakers who need to plan AGI as both a technical system and a national capability withina wider digital infrastructure.