Structural Analysis of the Research Ecosystem in Türki̇ye and the World

This chapter analyses the research ecosystem in its conceptual and institutional dimensions and situates the Turkish case within a broader global context. It first defines the research ecosystem as a multi-layered structure encompassing science policies, legal frameworks, funding mechanisms, institutional actors and human resources, and discusses the interaction networks among universities, research centres, public agencies, funding organisations, civil society and the private sector. It then examines governance models, institutional arrangements and financing schemes adopted in different countries in order to comparatively assess Türkiye’s position within these configurations. Focusing on the social sciences, the chapter analyses the key policy documents, legislative regulations and institutional reforms that shape the research ecosystem in Türkiye, and critically reviews decision-making processes, resource allocation, as well as performance and incentive systems. Additionally, it considers research infrastructure, data ecosystems, national and international collaboration networks, and brain drain and early-career researcher profiles to identify the strengths, vulnerabilities and structural bottlenecks of Türkiye’s research ecosystem. In doing so, the chapter seeks to provide a holistic framework that refrains from reducing social science research output to individual efforts and instead reads it in relation to the institutional and macro-level arrangements within which it is embedded.

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